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donna
has no status.
Senior Member
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just looked up old weights and measures, they really are crazy.
Definitions of many units, from Acres to Yards Acre Unit of area, equal to 4840 square yards. Still very much in use. Bag Obscure unit of volume, equal to 24 gallons. Barleycorn Unit of length. Three to the inch. A very old measure, not used for centuries. Barrel (beer) Unit of volume, equal to 36 gallons, or 4 firkins. Still in use. Barrel (wine) Unit of volume, equal to 31.5 gallons. No longer in use Barrel (oil) A US measure, not English. Equals 42 US gallons. British Thermal Unit, or Btu. Unit of energy or work Bucket Obscure unit of volume, equal to 4 gallons. Bushel Unit of volume, equal to 8 gallons, or 4 pecks. Not in use much at all these days, but beware that the US bushel is different. Butt Unit of volume, usually for wine or beer. Can be 108 or 126 gallons, depending. No longer used. Cable Unit of length, at sea. Defined as 1 tenth of a nautical mile. Chain Unit of length, equal to 22 yards, which is the length of a cricket pitch. When I was at school, we were given such chains to measure things with - each chain made up of 100 links. There are 10 chains to the furlong. Not seen much these days, but still seen on not-so-old maps etc. Clove Obscure unit of weight, equal to 7 pounds (av.) Drachm (fluid) Unit of volume, equal to 60 minims. 8 fluid drachms to the fluid ounce. Dram [also spelled as Drachm] (avoirdupois) Unit of weight. 16 drams to the (av.) ounce. Dram [also spelled as Drachm] (troy) Unit of weight. Equal to 60 grains. 8 drams to the (troy) ounce. Ell Unit of length. Very, very old. The English ell should be taken as 45 inches, or a yard and a quarter, and the Scots ell is 37 Scots inches, or 72.2 English inches. Very much not used. Fathom Unit of length, or rather depth, equal to 6 feet. Still encountered. Firkin Unit of volume, especially beer. Equals 9 gallons. Extremely popular in pub names! Foot Unit of length. 12 inches, 3 feet to the yard. Very, very common. Furlong Unit of length, equal to 220 yards, or 10 chains. There are 8 furlongs to the mile. The name seems to derive from the length of a furrow, somehow. This unit is still used, especially so in horse-racing. Gallon Unit of volume. Equal to 8 pints. The Imperial gallon was defined in the act of 1824 as the volume of 10lb of water at 62°F. Before this, the gallon was redefined over the years (especially around the time of the American revolution) with consequent problems for our colonial cousins, which is why we have 8 of our gallons to one of our bushels, but the Americans have 9.309177 of their gallons (or 7.751512 of ours) to one of their bushels. To get around this, they have a dry gallon and a liquid gallon, which are different. To summarise: Imperial gallon 277.4194 cubic inches US dry gallon 268.8025 cubic inches US liquid gallon 231 cubic inches Gill Unit of volume. Normally taken as a quarter of a pint, it can also be a third or a half pint, especially in conversation. The legal definition is a 1/4 of a pint. The word Gill is pronouced with a hard G (as Jill). Grain The basic unit of weight in the imperial system. There are 5760 grains to the Troy pound, and 7000 to the avoirdupois pound. Hand Unit of length, or normally height, equal to 4 inches. Still (almost) universally used in England to measure horses. Hogshead Unit of volume (wine only). 52.5 gallons. Until 1824 it was 63 gallons, a figure still used by the Americans. Horsepower (common) A unit of power. Equal to 33000 foot-pound-force per minute. Very much in use today. Horsepower (RAC) A strange unit, used only to tax cars in the first decades to the 20th century. It was based on the cylinder diameter, not the swept volume or power, which seems to have inspired W O Bentley at least to design long-stroke engines to get them into a lower taxation class. Horsepower (misc.) There are all sorts of other horsepowers (boiler, metric, electric, metric etc.) - beware! Hundredweight Unit of weight, equal to 8 stones. 20 hundredweight to a ton. This unit is commonly abbreviated to 'cwt'. Hundredweight (short) Unit of weight, not much used in England, but apparently used still in the US. Equals 100 pounds, 20 to the Short ton. Inch Very basic unit of length. 12 to the foot. Very much in use. Kilderkin Obscure unit of volume, equal to 18 gallons. Kip Obscure unit of force - equal to 1000 pound-force. Knot Unit of speed or velocity, equal to 1 nautical mile per hour. Universally used to control the speed of ships and aircraft. Last Very obscure unit of volume - equal to 640 gallons. League Unit of length. Equal to 3 miles, so a league at sea is different to a league on land. Much used by poets, but nobody else. Lb The abbreviation used for 'pound'. It comes from the Latin word Libra which translates to 'pound'. This is where the fancy 'L' comes from when talking about the pound sterling (i.e. the unit of currency in the UK). Line Unit of length. Some authorities (generally American) say 10 lines to the inch, and some say 12. This seems to be a printing term. Link Unit of length, there being 100 links to a chain. Virtually never seen these days. Mil Unit of length. Shown as 1/1000 of an inch in some books, I have never known anyone use this in England, as a millimetre (an obscure French measure) is known colloquially as a 'mill'. See thou. However, many friends from across the Atlantic have pointed out that the mill is very much in use in the US, for measuring paper, plastic (rubbish bags/garbage sacks etc.) and wire. Mile (statute) Unit of length, equal to 1760 yards, or 8 furlongs. This unit is universal in England for measuring distances between places etc., and is always used on road-signs (eg LONDON 180 miles) and speedometers (as in miles per hour), and consequently is always quoted by drivers when talking about fuel consumption (as in miles per gallon). Mile (nautical) Unit of length, normally at sea or in the air. Originally, the Admiralty fixed it at 6080 feet. This unit is universally used by international law by ships and aircraft, as is the derived unit of the knot. In the 20th century, an international nautical mile was defined as 1852 metres, and so you will sometimes see the 6080ft nautical mile called the British nautical mile. Minim Unit of volume. 60 minims to the fluid ounce. Nail Obscure unit of length, equal to 2 and a quarter inches. Noggin Unit of volume - maybe a colloquism. Same as the gill. This word is quite often used in pubs etc. in certain parts of England, but not in a technical sense! Ounce - avoirdupois Unit of weigh, equal to 437.5 grains. 16 drams to the ounce, 16 ounces to the pound. This unit is still very much used in England. Ounce - fluid Unit of volume, equal to 8 fluid drachms. 20 fluid ounces = 1 pint. This unit is still used, especially in recipes. Ounce - troy Unit of weight, equal to 480 grains, or 24 scruples. or 20 pennyweights or 8 drams. 12 ounces to the pound.Used for weighing bullion, and as an apocatheries measure. Pace Obscure unit of length. Equal to 2.5 feet. Palm Obscure unit of length. Equal to 3 inches. Peck Unit of volume, equal to 2 gallons. Not much in use these days. Pennyweight Unit of weight, equal to 24 grains. There are 20 to the Troy ounce. Perch Old unit of length - same as rod and pole. 16.5 feet. Pint Unit of volume. The universal measure for beer. There are 20 fuild ounces to the pint, and 8 pints to the gallon. Different to US pints - beware! Pole Old unit of length - same as rod and perch. 16.5 feet. Pound - avoirdupois Unit of weight, equal to 7000 grains, or 16 avoirdupois ounces. 14 pounds = 1 stone. This unit is still very much used in England. Pound - troy Unit of weight, equal to 5760 grains, or 12 troy ounces. Used for weighing bullion, and as an apocatheries measure. The troy pound was outlawed in 1878. Poundal Unit of force. There are 32.174 to the pound-force (acceleration to to gravity being 32.174 feet per second per second). Pound-force Unit of force. PSI Unit of pressure - an abbreviation for pounds per square inch. Puncheon Obscure unit of volume - equal to 70 gallons. Quart Unit of volume, equal to 2 pints. 4 quarts = 1 gallon. The use of this unit has declined sharply over the last 20 years. Quarter Unit of weight, equal to 2 stones. 4 quarters = 1 hundredweight. General use of this unit seems to have died out around the time of WWII. Quarter Unit of volume, equal to 64 gallons. Rod Unit of length; It is 16.5 feet, which is strange even by English standards. It is better to define it in terms of the rood. Rope Obscure unit of length - equal to 20 feet. Rood Unit of area; an area of 1 furlong long by 1 rod wide, or 1210 square yards. There are 4 roods to the acre. Rope Obscure unit of length - equal to 20 feet. Sack Obscure unit of weight, equal to 26 stones. Scruple Unit of weight. Equals 20 grains. 3 to the Troy dram. Scruple (fluid). Unit of volume. Equals 20 minims. Seam Obscure unit of volume, equal to 64 gallons. Slug Strange unit of weight - equal to 32.174 pounds (av.) - see poundal. Span Obscure unit of length - equal to 9 inches. Stone Unit of weight, equal to 14 pounds (av.). Often used in England for weighing people. 8 stones = 1 hundredweight. Still quite common in England, although its use seems to be declining. Thou An unofficial unit of length - one thousandth of an inch. Tod An obscure unit of weight - same as the quarter. |
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David Brent
has no status.
Senior Member
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Quote:
A future world food shortage is being predicted by experts. It's all doom and gloom these days isn't it? Dave. |
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john audley
has no status.
Senior Member
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davidb
is getting 8 hours pay for 0 hours work !
Senior Member
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Steve Crook
is cheeky
Moderator
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Quote:
![]() Your list includes the Ell and a unit of length. There are also the Em and the En although they are a lot shorter. They are used in typography and are the widths of the letters M and N in a particular typeface. Steve |
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