SAX ROHMER (1883-1959)
http://www.njedge.net/~knapp/FuManchu.htm
Prolific English mystery writer Sax Rohmer, best known for the master criminal
Dr.Fu Manchu, was born Arthur Henry Ward in Birmingham of Irish parents, who later moved to London. His mother was Margaret Mary Furey, a native of Athlone - Ward also used the pseudonym "Michael Furey". Young Sax Rohmer received no formal schooling until he was nine or ten years old, but his father William Ward probably taught him to read. Rohmer adopted "Sarsfield" as a middle name at the age of 18, impressed by his mother's claims of being descended from the famous 17th-century Irish general Patrick Sarsfield. He later explained that the pen name Sax Rohmer came from 'sax' which was Saxon for 'blade' and 'rohmer' which meant 'roamer'.
After finishing his schooling, Rohmer worked in odd jobs, but even as a child he had dreamed of becoming a writer. He was briefly a bank clerk in Threadneedle Street, London, then a clerk in a gas company and an errand boy for a small local newspaper, and started his writing career as a reporter. "My earliest interests," he later said, "were centered on Ancient Egypt and I accumulated a large library on Egyptology and occult literature." In 1903 Rohmer's first short story "The Mysterious Mummy" appeared in
Pearson's Weekly. He made a short trip to the Continent and on his return started to make his way in the literary and theatrical worlds.
In 1909 he married Rose Elizabeth Knox, whose father had been a well-known comedian in his youth. When Rose Knox met Rohmer, she was performing in a juggling act with her brother Bill. For almost two years they kept the marriage a secret from Rose's family - she lived with her sister and Rohmer with his father.
Rohmer wrote comedy sketches for entertainers and continued to produce stories and serials for the newspaper and magazine markets. These early writings were later gathered in collections. Rohmer's first book, PAUSE! appeared in 1910, and his first Fu Manchu novel, THE MYSTERY OF DR. FU-MANCHU, three years later. It gained an immediate success. In bioographical writings, Rohmer claims that Fu Manchu was born in the years following the Boxer Rebellion, when he was working as a reporter in London. He had a fascination with London's Chinatown and spent a good deal of time there. Through his contacts, he was heard of a mysterious "Mr. King" who, allegedly, controlled all gambling games, drug traffic, and secret societies in Chinatown. The area police had never seen him and the local Chinese reacted in fear when his name was mentioned. One informant did let it slip, however, the Mr. King had a house on a certain street and that he was in London at the time. Rohmer went to the address one night, a car pulled up and he saw a "tall and very dignified man alight, Chinese, but unlike any Chinese I had ever met." Whether this was the mysterious Mr. King was never determined, but this viewing moved Rohmer's fertile imagination to create over the course of many months, Dr. Fu Manchu. In the character of the seemingly deathless Fu Manchu, Rohmer expressed racist fears, which had produced the concept of the "Yellow Peril" - according to which the Chinese community in Limehouse, East London were mandarin warlords and opium den keepers . However, the sociologist Virginia Berridge has estimated that the ethnic Chinese population in London's East End, in the period from 1900 through to the Second World War, numbered only a few hundred. The majority of the community worked in such professions as cooking and laundering clothes.
Fu Manchu first appeared in the story THE ZAYAT KISS in October 1912 issue of the British magazine
The Story-Teller. Fu Manchu had green eyes, "an emanation of Hell", as Rohmer wrote. Sir Denis Nayland Smith, a spymaster, Burmese Commissioner, and controller of the CID and the British Secret Service, was the opponent of the diabolically ingenious villain for more than a quarter of a century. During the following years the stories were published in collections, but at the end of the third book THE SI-FAN MYSTERIES (1917), Fu Manchu is dead, and another villain has taken his place.
In 1915 Rohmer invented detective character Gaston Max, who appeared first in THE YELLOW CLAW. Another interesting series characters was the occult detective Morris Klaw, who solved his cases by using his own dreams and visions. Sumuru was a female master plotter, whom Rohmer abandoned after five published volumes. The detective Paul Harley was the hero of FIRE-TONGUE (1921) and BAT-WING (1921). Chief Inspector Red Kerry solved crimes in DOPE (1919) and other stories.
For periods during the 1920s and 1930s, Rohmer was one of the most widely read and most highly paid magazine writers in the English language. He also produced works for the stage, and created tunes to several of his songs by humming them and having them transcribed by a collaborator. Rohmer's interest in mysticism and occult caused him to join the occult organization The Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn. Its other members included Aleister Crowley and W.B.Yeats. Rohmer's supernatural stories include BROOD OF THE WITCH QUEEN (1918), in which an Egyptian mummy is revived to practice ancient sorcery in the modern world, and GREY FACE (1924), in which a supposed reincarnation of Cagliostro causes much havoc. THE GREEN EYES OF BĀST (1920) was an occult detective tale about the mysteries of ancient Egypt.
Success brought Rohmer financial security - for a short time. He travelled with his wife in the Near East, and built a country house called Little Gatton in the Surrey countryside. But the money went as fast as it come - Rohmer's business instincts were not good and he gambled much of his earnings at Monte Carlo. In 1955 Rohmer was said to have sold the film, television and radio rights in his books for more than four million dollars.
The Fu Manchu series started again after years of silence in DAUGHTER OF FU MANCHU (1931). In THE ISLAND OF FU MANCHU (1941) Sir Lioner Barton, the greatest Orientalist in Europe, says that Fu Manchu is "an enemy whose insects, bacteria, stranglers, strange poisons, could do more harm in a week than Hitler's army could do in a year."
After the World War II the Rohmers moved to New York City. From New York they moved to Greenwich, Connecticut, before finally settling in White Plains, New York. Among Rohmer's later works are HANGOVER HOUSE (1949), based on an unproduced play from the late 1930s, and the Sumuru series, five paperback novels published between 1950 and 1956. During the Korean War period, Rohmer declared that Dr. Fu Manchu was "still an enemy to be reckoned with and as menacing as ever, but he has changed with the times. Now he is against the Chinese Communists and, indeed, Communists everywhere, and a friend of the American people." Sax Rohmer died on June 1, 1959. EMPEROR FU MANCHU (1959) was his last work of fiction.
The golden age of the Fu Manchu stories - and also the peak of Sax Rohmer's career - was in the 1930s, although the Chinese super-criminal was revived again in 1957. Rohmer's villain has inspired radio adaptations and a Marvel comic (The Hands of Shang-Chi), the tv series [purple]
The Adventures of Fu Manchu [/purple](1955-56), starring Glenn Gordon as Fu Manchu and Lester Matthews as Nayland Smith, and numerous films, starring amongst others Boris Karloff, Christopher Lee, and Peter Sellers (in his last film
[purple]The Fiendish Plot of Dr Fu Manchu [/purple]in 1980). John Carradine and Sir Cedric Hardwicke played Fu Manchu and Nyland Smith in a television pilot directed by William Cameron Mezies.
Sinister Oriental Fu Manchu stereotypes were feared from the turn of the last century, appearing in wide numbers in popular fiction. Among the best known doppelgangers is Dr. No from Ian Fleming's James Bond novel
Dr. No (1958)
[ame="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0g-mUOew6hk&feature=related"]YouTube- FU MANCHU'S WEAPON OF EVIL -Chapter One: The Broadcast Of Doom[/ame]